Correlation Between the Level of Reliability and Ethics with the Perception of the Effectiveness of AI Use in Scientific Paper Writing by Students
Abstract
In the practice of writing scientific papers, students utilize AI for various purposes that assist and facilitate the process. This study aims to determine the correlation between reliability and ethics with the perception of the effectiveness of AI use in scientific writing by students. The method used in this study is quantitative with a correlational research type. The data collection techniques in this study are observation and survey with questionnaire distribution. The questionnaire used Google Forms and was distributed to 50 students who participated in scientific writing training in high school. Data analysis included normality tests, linearity tests, and correlation tests. The data analysis method used in this study was correlational analysis to determine the relationship between variables using product moment analysis with SPSS 23. The results showed that there was a relationship between the level of AI reliability (X1) and the perception of the effectiveness of AI use in students' scientific writing (Y) with a correlation value of 0.726. Similarly, the AI ethics variable (X2) showed a fairly high correlation with the perception of effectiveness (Y) of 0.696. Both correlation values are in the strong correlation category (0.70–0.90), indicating that the higher the reliability and ethics of AI perceived by students, the higher their perception of the effectiveness of AI use in scientific writing.
References
Al-Abdullatif, A. M. (2025). Auditing AI Literacy Competency in K–12 Education: The Role of Awareness, Ethics, Evaluation, and Use in Human–Machine Cooperation. Systems, 13(6). https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/490
Al Maharmah, A., Elfeky, A., Yacoub, R., Ibrahim, A., & Nemt-allah, M. (2025). Measuring ethical AI Use in higher education : Reliability and validity of the AI academic integrity scale for postgraduate students. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(4), 707–715. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i4.7928
Claned. (2024). The Role of AI in Personalized Learning. https://claned.com/the-role-of-ai-in-personalized-learning/
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (Fifth Edit). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Cruvinel Júnior, L., Orrillo Ascama, H. D., & Marques da Silva, M. (2025). Ai ethics in higher education. Ethical and Social Impacts of Information and Communication Technology, 1–12. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-01429-0_17
Deep, P. Das. (2025). The Role of AI in Academic Writing: Impacts on Writing Skills, Critical Thinking, and Integrity in Higher Education. Societies, 15, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15090247
Durán, J. M., & Pozzi, G. (2025). Trust and Trustworthiness in AI. In Philosophy & Technology (Vol. 38, Issue 1). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-025-00843-2
Hagendorff, T. (2020). The Ethics of AI Ethics : An Evaluation of Guidelines. Minds and Machines, 30(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09517-8
IBM. (2024). Apa itu etika AI? https://www.ibm.com/id-id/think/topics/ai-ethics
Întorsureanu, I., Oprea, S., & Adela, B. (2025). Generative AI in Education : Perspectives Through an Academic Lens. Electronics, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14051053
Isdayani, B., Thamrin, A. N., & Milani, A. (2024). Implementasi Etika Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan ( AI ) dalam Sistem Pendidikan dan Analisis Pembelajaran di Indonesia. Digitech, 4(1), 714–723. https://jurnal.itscience.org/index.php/digitech/article/view/4512/3479
Kim, J., Yu, S., Detrick, R., & Li, N. (2025). Exploring students’ perspectives on Generative AI ‑ assisted academic writing. Education and Information Technologies, 30, 1265–1300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12878-7
Lund, B. D., Lee, T. H., Mannuru, N. R., & Arutla, N. (2025). AI and Academic Integrity: Exploring Student Perceptions and Implications for Higher Education. Journal of Academic Ethics, 23(3). 10.1007/s10805-025-09613-3
Maratussholihah, Z., Sodiq, S., & Yuniseffendri. (2025). Persepsi siswa terhadap pengintegrasian AI dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis karya ilmiah. Jurnal Bahasa, 146–159. https://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/kjb/article/view/67129
Mujiono. (2023). Educational Collaboration: Teachers and Artificial Intelligence. Jurnal Kependidikan, 9(2), 618–632. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v9i2.7801
Mustofa, R. H., Kuncoro, T. G., Atmono, D., Hermawan, H. D., & Sukirman. (2025). Extending the technology acceptance model: The role of subjective norms, ethics, and trust in AI tool adoption among students. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100379
Palma, T. Y. (2025). Artifisial Intelligence Dalam Pendidikan : Kajian Literatur Mengenai Dampak Inovatif Dan Implikasi Moral. 10(11), 9146–9154. https://jurnal.syntaxliterate.co.id/index.php/syntax-literate/article/view/62284
Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holmes, W., & Nemorin, S. (2024). The Ethics of AI in Education. In B. du Boulay, A. Mitrovic, & K. Yacef (Eds.), Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Education. Edward Elgar Publishing. 10.4337/9781800375413.00038
Romani, G., Avendaño, C., & Santisteban, J. (2025). MESIAS : a web-based platform rooted in ethical principles for evaluating trustworthiness in AI projects. Frontiers, December, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2025.1694979
Side, S., Putri, S. E., Zubair, S., & Ilyas, N. M. (2024). Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) dalam Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah Pada Guru SMAN 11 Kabupaten Pangkep. SMART: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(1), 58–65. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/smart/article/view/61392/26880
Sugiono, S. (2024). Proses Adopsi Teknologi Generative Artificial Intelligence dalam Dunia Pendidikan : Perspektif Teori Difusi Inovasi Adoption Process of Generative Artificial Intelligence Technology in Education : Diffusion of Innovation Theory Perspective. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v9i1.4859
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. CV Alfabeta.
UNESCO. (2025). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research
Zhai, C., Wibowo, S., & Li, L. D. (2024). The effects of over ‑ reliance on AI dialogue systems on students ’ cognitive abilities : a systematic review. Smart Learning Environments, 11(28). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00316-7
